Passive solar design
Earth's Layers
The Earth’s layers consists of the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is 25 miles thick, the mantle is 1,700 miles, outer core is 1,500 miles until it reaches the inner core. The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid, this is not 100% certain since us humans have never traveled to the center of the earth, it’s just an estimate of the unknown. Total distance of the mantle and outer core combined is 3, 200 miles, and it is 3, 959 miles to the center of the inner core from the crust.
Model of Orbits
This is a diagram of the solar system (not to scale). A diagram from knowledge from what we have learned in the past, and we edited it on the new information we got. It is not to scale
Our phenomena is that each planet has a consistent orbital time period, and the farther from the sun leads to longer period orbiting. Here we used data to form a model. The model is an equation to try to find the time (orbital period), using orbital velocity and distance from sun we found an equation online. Using the equation T= 2𝝅r/ v, this equation works for planets in a circular orbit, no planet has a circular orbit. Some planets have a less elliptical orbit, like Earth. Earth has a slightly elliptical orbit, but still has it. When we tested the formula, we tested it on Earth not accounting the elliptical orbit. All planets have an elliptical orbit. Planet X had a really elliptical orbit, so when we calculated we didn’t know why it didn't work at first. We realized the formula had the formula for a circle and not an oval. The formula includes the formula for a circle, the formula only works if it is not and elliptical orbit, but all have an elliptical orbit. Planet X wasn’t orbiting in a circle (really elliptical orbit), so our estimated answer was wrong. Planet X has a really elliptical orbit. Planet X was first named that and they have found a name for planet X which is Eris. Eris is a dwarf planet. When they found Eris, they made a vote and decided that Pluto is not a planet and it is a dwarf planet along with Eris. Eris is the greek goddess of discord. The name might’ve been chosen for the commotion Eris caused in making Pluto not a planet and making people vote.
Our phenomena is that each planet has a consistent orbital time period, and the farther from the sun leads to longer period orbiting. Here we used data to form a model. The model is an equation to try to find the time (orbital period), using orbital velocity and distance from sun we found an equation online. Using the equation T= 2𝝅r/ v, this equation works for planets in a circular orbit, no planet has a circular orbit. Some planets have a less elliptical orbit, like Earth. Earth has a slightly elliptical orbit, but still has it. When we tested the formula, we tested it on Earth not accounting the elliptical orbit. All planets have an elliptical orbit. Planet X had a really elliptical orbit, so when we calculated we didn’t know why it didn't work at first. We realized the formula had the formula for a circle and not an oval. The formula includes the formula for a circle, the formula only works if it is not and elliptical orbit, but all have an elliptical orbit. Planet X wasn’t orbiting in a circle (really elliptical orbit), so our estimated answer was wrong. Planet X has a really elliptical orbit. Planet X was first named that and they have found a name for planet X which is Eris. Eris is a dwarf planet. When they found Eris, they made a vote and decided that Pluto is not a planet and it is a dwarf planet along with Eris. Eris is the greek goddess of discord. The name might’ve been chosen for the commotion Eris caused in making Pluto not a planet and making people vote.
Solar Angles
The angles of the light changes during the seasons because of the Earth’s tilt. Each time of day has a different light angle. The earth rotates and orbits around the sun causing different angles of light being shined on us. We looked more into the angles of the time of day and how solar tubes, skylights, clerestory windows and light shelves affect how much light enters a room and which works best along with where it is located with our daylight design model. With our model we shone the light at different angles representing the sunset vs. the sunrise and winter vs. summer's angles. The Earth rotates and orbits around the sun leading to different angles throughout the day. We made a model that includes skylights, solar tubes, clerestory windows, and light shelves in it to see how it is affected and how much light enters. We had a flashlight to see how much light entered with different angles from the day. With the daylight design model we (my group and I) made a house model. The house was to include daylighting designs (as said and listed above) and the house if in real life would be 1000 ft. sq. So we made the model to scale that each centimeter in our model is one foot. The Daylight design model will be more explained further down.
Atomic structure (subatomic particles)
Definition of a Molecule- 2 or more atoms bonded together
Ex: H2O, N2, O2, C6H12O6
They are insanely abundant and insanely tiny
Heat is a form of energy. All heat is due to movement (vibration) of molecules.
Definitions
Radiation- heat transferring through space (as a wave)
Conduction- heat transfer through/ within a solid
Convection-heat circulation within a fluid (liquid or gas)
Insulation- resistance to conduction
Specific heat capacity- measure of how well a substance holds heat
Atom structure
There are many types of atoms in the world. Atoms have 3 particles in it which are the neutrons, protons, and electrons. The charge for protons is positive, the charge for neutrons is none (neutral, zero), and the electron's charge is negative. The location of the protons and neutrons is in the nucleus, while the location of the electron is on the outside of the nucleus (in empty space). What determines them is the protons is the type of element, isotope determines neutrons, and ion determines electrons. The mass (atomic mass unit) for electrons is effectively 0, for protons it is 1 amu, and for neutrons is 1 amu.
The Gold foil experiment proved that a vast majority of an atom is empty space, but there is a very small, very dense center (nucleus). The experiment was with a gold foil sheet of 2-3 atoms thin and Alpha particles went through the thin gold sheet 99.999999% and straight to the other side, but other times it would not go straight through and bounce off in another direction.
Daylighting Design Model
My group and I built a cardboard house with daylight techniques. We designed our model out of cardboard, aluminum foil, hot glue, tubes, and a bit of paint. We built it to scale of an 1000 square foot house. We made it out of cardboard with one foot equaling one centimeter. We made it 25 cm by 40 cm to scale. We used the day lighting techniques which include skylights, light shelves, solar tubes, and clerestory windows. We also added white paper as the ceiling and a few walls. The white would be the wall color, the color white will make the light bounce out more and won’t observe it like black. We located the day lighting techniques at different positions of the house model and then measured how much light got in a room. We used a flashlight representing the sun at different times of day and set it at different angles. We didn’t get the chance to test it without the white paper as the wall color. Once we tested it, we realized we had the model house on a black desk the whole time we tested but the results might’ve been affected by the black surface/ flooring. The black would have observed some of the light, so it might’ve affected the results and not let some light bounce in. After we tested it and measured how much light entered a room, we got that the window and skylight on the east get better lighting results in a room.
Definitions
Skylights- A window on the ceiling that will let light in (concentrated….. variable flux)
Light shelves- Windows with something like a shelf sticking out with something on it to reflect the light inside (dispersed…. Low flux)
Solar tube- Tubes that are specialized to distribute light into the room by receiving it and letting the light bounce around in the tube then dispersing it once it is entering a room (dispersed…… low flux consistent)
Clerestory windows- Windows that are high up and spread across a side of the room, they are big and high up (concentrated….. High flux)
Flux- Flow of energy, how the flow of light enters a room
My group and I built a cardboard house with daylight techniques. We designed our model out of cardboard, aluminum foil, hot glue, tubes, and a bit of paint. We built it to scale of an 1000 square foot house. We made it out of cardboard with one foot equaling one centimeter. We made it 25 cm by 40 cm to scale. We used the day lighting techniques which include skylights, light shelves, solar tubes, and clerestory windows. We also added white paper as the ceiling and a few walls. The white would be the wall color, the color white will make the light bounce out more and won’t observe it like black. We located the day lighting techniques at different positions of the house model and then measured how much light got in a room. We used a flashlight representing the sun at different times of day and set it at different angles. We didn’t get the chance to test it without the white paper as the wall color. Once we tested it, we realized we had the model house on a black desk the whole time we tested but the results might’ve been affected by the black surface/ flooring. The black would have observed some of the light, so it might’ve affected the results and not let some light bounce in. After we tested it and measured how much light entered a room, we got that the window and skylight on the east get better lighting results in a room.
Definitions
Skylights- A window on the ceiling that will let light in (concentrated….. variable flux)
Light shelves- Windows with something like a shelf sticking out with something on it to reflect the light inside (dispersed…. Low flux)
Solar tube- Tubes that are specialized to distribute light into the room by receiving it and letting the light bounce around in the tube then dispersing it once it is entering a room (dispersed…… low flux consistent)
Clerestory windows- Windows that are high up and spread across a side of the room, they are big and high up (concentrated….. High flux)
Flux- Flow of energy, how the flow of light enters a room
Justification Document - Why would we want to reduce the amount of electricity we use and how is electricity produced?
Answering that question, the electricity is produced in many ways. It is produced by solar power, wind power, hydro power, biomass/ biofuel, Geothermal energy, Oil/ Petroleum (Fossil Fuel), Natural Gas (Fossil Fuel), Coal (Fossil Fuel), and Nuclear Power/ Uranium. Why we would want to reduce our use is because of how we get it. Although it has pros, it also has cons. Like for example using the wind power, the turbines end up killing birds and it makes loud noise. Along with that it ruins amazing landscape and effects local temperatures and weather. Also some of the ones that are really good for the environment are hard to get and are very expensive. But those that are not healthy for the environment is easy to get and cheap. Although there are pros to different ways of getting electricity, there are also cons. With the cons it includes the destruction of the environment and other living life or it includes that it is expensive. While some cons is that it is rare to get for others and are expensive and doesn’t hurt the environment. Like solar panels, solar panels are a clean alternative to fossil fuels and have other pros. The few cons it has is it is expensive, has rare material for production, and only works when the sun is out. So we may get electricity, but we should reduce amount used considering all the cons and how we get electricity and how some ways isn’t healthy for environment. There is more information about it in the document that my class and I did answering questions by research and citing.
Answering that question, the electricity is produced in many ways. It is produced by solar power, wind power, hydro power, biomass/ biofuel, Geothermal energy, Oil/ Petroleum (Fossil Fuel), Natural Gas (Fossil Fuel), Coal (Fossil Fuel), and Nuclear Power/ Uranium. Why we would want to reduce our use is because of how we get it. Although it has pros, it also has cons. Like for example using the wind power, the turbines end up killing birds and it makes loud noise. Along with that it ruins amazing landscape and effects local temperatures and weather. Also some of the ones that are really good for the environment are hard to get and are very expensive. But those that are not healthy for the environment is easy to get and cheap. Although there are pros to different ways of getting electricity, there are also cons. With the cons it includes the destruction of the environment and other living life or it includes that it is expensive. While some cons is that it is rare to get for others and are expensive and doesn’t hurt the environment. Like solar panels, solar panels are a clean alternative to fossil fuels and have other pros. The few cons it has is it is expensive, has rare material for production, and only works when the sun is out. So we may get electricity, but we should reduce amount used considering all the cons and how we get electricity and how some ways isn’t healthy for environment. There is more information about it in the document that my class and I did answering questions by research and citing.
New Science Building
Our model basically focused on the shape of the structure being a dodecagon (12 sided polygon). My school is getting a new science building so my class got a project to design a new building idea for the architects building it, they would decide how it looks like in the end. They decide the important stuff and how it will look like while we just give ideas like if we want a bridge and just add ideas, while they see if it is reasonable or not. The blueprints are above in the beginning along with everything, there will be 12 rooms total, 1 room will be split in half to be two bathrooms and another room would be a prep room for teachers and a hallway. In the center, there would be a working space where students can work in. There will be a glass dome in the center and that’s how light will get in. Then there are windows on the outside of the building and on the inside to the classrooms. There are doors to each classroom and each classroom can go to the center makerspace. There is only one hallway that goes directly to the maker space. There is also clerestory windows on our model on the outside and windows. Our model was made on tinkercad, and is shown close to the end of scrolling down. The presentation scroll shown above was made by my group and I.
Reflection
I feel like I did a bit better to be a better leader. Now I need to work on caring, empathy, and understanding. I feel like I lacked understanding and being caring mostly. What I did like is to be able to work on Tinkercad with my teammates on the model. We each worked on separate things and then combined it all. We each did a piece. Also I feel like I should stop procrastinating and work on time management as well. Those are a few things I need to work on; empathy, caring, understanding, time management, and to stop procrastinating.
Reflection
I feel like I did a bit better to be a better leader. Now I need to work on caring, empathy, and understanding. I feel like I lacked understanding and being caring mostly. What I did like is to be able to work on Tinkercad with my teammates on the model. We each worked on separate things and then combined it all. We each did a piece. Also I feel like I should stop procrastinating and work on time management as well. Those are a few things I need to work on; empathy, caring, understanding, time management, and to stop procrastinating.