Energy Transfer Vehicle/Move it-Hybrid Car
Presenting the:
Vroom Vroom Machine
A picture of the machine is shown above (the hand is not part of the machine, I just took the picture before we let it go down a ramp).
Information
Our machine (vehicle) is called the Vroom Vroom Machine. Our vehicle goes down a ramp and has 4 wheels. The passengers are 200 pennies. It had to transport the passengers to 5 meters (destination). Our vehicle had to carry passengers, and make sure they are not hurt. While working on our vehicle, the passengers did get hurt (or they would have if they were people). The ramp is 2.42m long and 1.1m up high. The mass of our vehicle is 0.75 kg. The distance it travels is 4 meters in around 2 seconds (not including the ramp).
Calculations
The vehicle has the highest Potential energy at the top of the ramp. The potential energy is converted to thermal and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement and thermal energy is the energy converted to heat due to friction. Total energy would be initial Potential energy, the energy at its highest before converted to kinetic and thermal energy. PE=mgh, the mass (m) is 0.75kg, the gravitational acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8m/s^2, and 1.1 meters is the ramp's height (h). All of those multiplied leads to 8.085 Joules (J). Then all that potential energy drops to 0J once it is no longer on the ramp. The potential energy is then converted to kinetic energy and thermal energy. Kinetic energy is energy in movement. KE=1/2mv^2, I used velocity for each meter and calculated using the velocity for each meter and the time and using the mass.
Times
Separate time trialed runs (to get velocity) ==Average
Down ramp: 0.70s, 0.70s, 0.69s, 0.82s, 0.75s, 0.73s, 0.77s, 0.70s, 0.67s, 0.77s, 0.81s, 0.77s, 0.75s===0.74s
1 meter: 0.20s, 0.14s, 0.29s, 0.21s, 0.19s, 0.18s, 0.17s, 0.17s, 0.20s, 0.24s, 0.20s, 0.27s, 0.26s===0.33s
2 meter: 0.26s, 0.25s, 0.22s, 0.22s, 0.22s, 0.23s, 0.27s, 0.21s, 0.29s, 0.21s, 0.21s===0.35s
3 meter: 0.19s, 0.21s, 0.48s, 0.53s, 0.65s, 0.36s, 0.36s, 0.33s, 0.39s, 0.40s, 0.40s===0.39s
4 meter: 0.38s, 0.30s, 0.59s, 0.51s, 0.70s, 0.65s, 0.67s, 0.72s, 0.62s, 0.69s, 0.59s=== 0.62s
Total:2.76s, 2.54s = 2.43s
They are the average where we focus on one meter at a time and where that one meter is. We timed each meter from the video separately and individually and which meter it was. To get the average for each meter or so. Where we focus on one meter at a time and its time.
One time trial runs
Down ramp: 0.83s, 0.87s, 0.94s, 0.82s
1m: 0.33s, 0.35s, 0.27s, 0.36s
2m: 0.40s, 0.36s,0.43s, 0.43s
3m:0.46s, 0.44s, 0.34s, 0.41s
4m: 0.63s, 0.57s, 0.52s, 0.66s
Total: 3.26s, 2.62s, 2.88s, 2.71s
This is where we time it all together as it goes. Where we timed and lapped where it ended one meter and started the next and continued. The other one is where I started and stopped focusing on just one at a time. Timed each meter and when it goes down the ramp. This one focuses all meters times at once.
I used the ones at the end of the equal sign on the separate time trial to use in calculations because it seemed more accurate.
To find velocity, we would need the times and the distance to find velocity at each meter and time. Velocity=d/t
Velocities
At beginning starts with 0m/s
Down the ramp the velocity was=2.42m/0.74s= 3.27m/s
At 1 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.33s= 3.03m/s
At 2 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.35s=2.857m/s
At 3 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.39s=2.56m/s
At 4 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.62s= 1.61 m/s
At 4.01 meters velocity was 0m/s since stopped by a backpack
*At 4.01 meters, the velocity dropped to 0m/s. It is 0m/s (stopped moving) because it was stopped by a backpack*
We would need the velocity for each meter and the velocity down the ramp to find Kinetic energy. To find the Kinetic energy at certain times.
KE=1/2mv^2
KE at 0s= 0J
KE at 0.74s (at bottom of ramp, v=going down ramp, also known as its speed)=½(0.75kg)(3.27m/s)^2=4.01J
KE at 1.07s(1 meter)=½(0.75kg)(3.03m/s)^2=3.44J
KE at 1.42s (2nd meter)=½(0.75kg)(2.857m/s)^2=3.06J
KE at 1.81s (3rd meter)=½(0.75kg)(2.56m/s)^2=2.46J
KE at 2.43s (4th meter)=½(0.75kg)(1.61m/s)^2=0.975J
*Keep in mind that the Kinetic energy didn’t reach to 0J because it was stopped by a backpack.
It did a bounce back, but we didn't time that because it was not moving forward. I just timed when it hit the 4 meter mark, not when it bounced back from the force of it stopping.*
PE=mgh
h=1.1meters high is ramp, mass=0.75kg
PE at 0s(starting point)=0.75kg(9.8m/s^2)(1.1m)=8.085J
Loses all PE at 0.74s because its height will be 0--->0J after that point. After that point the potential energy will stay at 0J for the rest of the time.
Total energy= Initial PE= 8.085J
Thermal Energy=TE-PE-KE
Starts at 0J, TE=8.085J-8.085J-0J=0J
At bottom of ramp (0.74s) TE=8.085J-0J-4.01J= 4.075J
1 meter TE= 8.085J-0J-3.44J=4.64J
2nd meter TE= 8.085J-0J-3.06J=5.025J
3rd meter TE= 8.085J-0J-2.46J=5.625J
4th meter TE=8.085J-0J-0.975J=7.11J
For the Velocity vs. Time Graph the velocity had a sudden stop/ drop because it was stopped by a backpack= velocity sudden drop. The energy graph, sudden stop by backpack caused the kinetic energy and thermal to stop short along with the time because it could not continue. The key for the energy graph is: red line=KE, blue line= Thermal Energy, green line= PE, and purple line= Total Energy.
For the Distance vs. Time Graph the distance down the ramp is included too.
Information
Our machine (vehicle) is called the Vroom Vroom Machine. Our vehicle goes down a ramp and has 4 wheels. The passengers are 200 pennies. It had to transport the passengers to 5 meters (destination). Our vehicle had to carry passengers, and make sure they are not hurt. While working on our vehicle, the passengers did get hurt (or they would have if they were people). The ramp is 2.42m long and 1.1m up high. The mass of our vehicle is 0.75 kg. The distance it travels is 4 meters in around 2 seconds (not including the ramp).
Calculations
The vehicle has the highest Potential energy at the top of the ramp. The potential energy is converted to thermal and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement and thermal energy is the energy converted to heat due to friction. Total energy would be initial Potential energy, the energy at its highest before converted to kinetic and thermal energy. PE=mgh, the mass (m) is 0.75kg, the gravitational acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8m/s^2, and 1.1 meters is the ramp's height (h). All of those multiplied leads to 8.085 Joules (J). Then all that potential energy drops to 0J once it is no longer on the ramp. The potential energy is then converted to kinetic energy and thermal energy. Kinetic energy is energy in movement. KE=1/2mv^2, I used velocity for each meter and calculated using the velocity for each meter and the time and using the mass.
Times
Separate time trialed runs (to get velocity) ==Average
Down ramp: 0.70s, 0.70s, 0.69s, 0.82s, 0.75s, 0.73s, 0.77s, 0.70s, 0.67s, 0.77s, 0.81s, 0.77s, 0.75s===0.74s
1 meter: 0.20s, 0.14s, 0.29s, 0.21s, 0.19s, 0.18s, 0.17s, 0.17s, 0.20s, 0.24s, 0.20s, 0.27s, 0.26s===0.33s
2 meter: 0.26s, 0.25s, 0.22s, 0.22s, 0.22s, 0.23s, 0.27s, 0.21s, 0.29s, 0.21s, 0.21s===0.35s
3 meter: 0.19s, 0.21s, 0.48s, 0.53s, 0.65s, 0.36s, 0.36s, 0.33s, 0.39s, 0.40s, 0.40s===0.39s
4 meter: 0.38s, 0.30s, 0.59s, 0.51s, 0.70s, 0.65s, 0.67s, 0.72s, 0.62s, 0.69s, 0.59s=== 0.62s
Total:2.76s, 2.54s = 2.43s
They are the average where we focus on one meter at a time and where that one meter is. We timed each meter from the video separately and individually and which meter it was. To get the average for each meter or so. Where we focus on one meter at a time and its time.
One time trial runs
Down ramp: 0.83s, 0.87s, 0.94s, 0.82s
1m: 0.33s, 0.35s, 0.27s, 0.36s
2m: 0.40s, 0.36s,0.43s, 0.43s
3m:0.46s, 0.44s, 0.34s, 0.41s
4m: 0.63s, 0.57s, 0.52s, 0.66s
Total: 3.26s, 2.62s, 2.88s, 2.71s
This is where we time it all together as it goes. Where we timed and lapped where it ended one meter and started the next and continued. The other one is where I started and stopped focusing on just one at a time. Timed each meter and when it goes down the ramp. This one focuses all meters times at once.
I used the ones at the end of the equal sign on the separate time trial to use in calculations because it seemed more accurate.
To find velocity, we would need the times and the distance to find velocity at each meter and time. Velocity=d/t
Velocities
At beginning starts with 0m/s
Down the ramp the velocity was=2.42m/0.74s= 3.27m/s
At 1 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.33s= 3.03m/s
At 2 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.35s=2.857m/s
At 3 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.39s=2.56m/s
At 4 meter mark velocity was= 1m/0.62s= 1.61 m/s
At 4.01 meters velocity was 0m/s since stopped by a backpack
*At 4.01 meters, the velocity dropped to 0m/s. It is 0m/s (stopped moving) because it was stopped by a backpack*
We would need the velocity for each meter and the velocity down the ramp to find Kinetic energy. To find the Kinetic energy at certain times.
KE=1/2mv^2
KE at 0s= 0J
KE at 0.74s (at bottom of ramp, v=going down ramp, also known as its speed)=½(0.75kg)(3.27m/s)^2=4.01J
KE at 1.07s(1 meter)=½(0.75kg)(3.03m/s)^2=3.44J
KE at 1.42s (2nd meter)=½(0.75kg)(2.857m/s)^2=3.06J
KE at 1.81s (3rd meter)=½(0.75kg)(2.56m/s)^2=2.46J
KE at 2.43s (4th meter)=½(0.75kg)(1.61m/s)^2=0.975J
*Keep in mind that the Kinetic energy didn’t reach to 0J because it was stopped by a backpack.
It did a bounce back, but we didn't time that because it was not moving forward. I just timed when it hit the 4 meter mark, not when it bounced back from the force of it stopping.*
PE=mgh
h=1.1meters high is ramp, mass=0.75kg
PE at 0s(starting point)=0.75kg(9.8m/s^2)(1.1m)=8.085J
Loses all PE at 0.74s because its height will be 0--->0J after that point. After that point the potential energy will stay at 0J for the rest of the time.
Total energy= Initial PE= 8.085J
Thermal Energy=TE-PE-KE
Starts at 0J, TE=8.085J-8.085J-0J=0J
At bottom of ramp (0.74s) TE=8.085J-0J-4.01J= 4.075J
1 meter TE= 8.085J-0J-3.44J=4.64J
2nd meter TE= 8.085J-0J-3.06J=5.025J
3rd meter TE= 8.085J-0J-2.46J=5.625J
4th meter TE=8.085J-0J-0.975J=7.11J
For the Velocity vs. Time Graph the velocity had a sudden stop/ drop because it was stopped by a backpack= velocity sudden drop. The energy graph, sudden stop by backpack caused the kinetic energy and thermal to stop short along with the time because it could not continue. The key for the energy graph is: red line=KE, blue line= Thermal Energy, green line= PE, and purple line= Total Energy.
For the Distance vs. Time Graph the distance down the ramp is included too.
Energy Graph
The thermal energy didn't go all the way up and the kinetic energy didn't drop all the way to 0 because of it stopping by a force. The energy is still there, just not known where. Energy can not be created nor destroyed, the rest of the energy was still present when the vehicle bounced back from the collision. I didn't calculate that part though, because it would throw off the distance when measuring and graphing because it went back intead of forward.
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Velocity vs. Time Graph
You can notice the sudden stop in velocity where it drops to 0 m/s because it was stopped by a backpack.
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Distance vs. Time Graph
The vehicle went down a ramp of 2.42m which is shown in the graph. The part that counts is the 4 meters it went without the ramp before being stopped (by a backpack).
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Reflection
I think we did really well in this project. I just think I should've helped out more and not have saved things till last minute. One of the few things I need to work on is time management, because we were working more on the vehicle and were to busy focusing to get it to go 5 meters. One of the many downfalls is that each of our ideas hardly worked. We tried with rubber bands, then we decided it would not work and let it down a ramp. Our vehicle broke once, so we quickly rebuilt it with another piece of wood but with the same wheels just screwed on. Reattach it to the other one. Saved calculations till last minute, probably not wise. Two things I should work on is time management and being more aware. A downfall is that in the video we recorded (video not posted) is that once we timed to find velocity for each meter to find all the calculations, in the end we realized that it was stopped by a backpack and that threw off our calculations. It was timed, and once graphed the sudden stop by the backpack was noticeable and I notice this variable afterwards, but next time I will try to become more aware.
I think we did really well in this project. I just think I should've helped out more and not have saved things till last minute. One of the few things I need to work on is time management, because we were working more on the vehicle and were to busy focusing to get it to go 5 meters. One of the many downfalls is that each of our ideas hardly worked. We tried with rubber bands, then we decided it would not work and let it down a ramp. Our vehicle broke once, so we quickly rebuilt it with another piece of wood but with the same wheels just screwed on. Reattach it to the other one. Saved calculations till last minute, probably not wise. Two things I should work on is time management and being more aware. A downfall is that in the video we recorded (video not posted) is that once we timed to find velocity for each meter to find all the calculations, in the end we realized that it was stopped by a backpack and that threw off our calculations. It was timed, and once graphed the sudden stop by the backpack was noticeable and I notice this variable afterwards, but next time I will try to become more aware.